缍滆堪浜嗙敤浜庡虎姘撮浂鎺掓斁鐨勫咕绋捀鐧�(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅舵妧琛�(sh霉)鍜岃秴鑷ㄧ晫姘存哀鍖栨妧琛�(sh霉)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆佸瓨鍦ㄧ殑鍟忛鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ従(xi脿n)鐙€;浠嬬垂浜嗛珮鏁堝弽婊查€忓拰闇囧嫊(d貌ng)鑶滃伐钘濈瓑闆舵帓鏀捐檿鐞嗗墠寤㈡按鐨勬績绺笡閲忔柟娉�;鎸囧嚭鏍规摎(j霉)寤㈡按鐗规€т締閬告搰铏曠悊鏂规鐨勯噸瑕佹€�銆�


闂�(gu膩n)閸佃:寤�姘磋檿鐞�;寤㈡按闆舵帓鏀�;瓒呰嚚鐣屾按姘у寲;钂哥櫦(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅�;楂樻晥鍙嶆徊閫�;闇囧嫊(d貌ng)鑶�

姘磋硣婧愭棩鐩婄煭缂哄埗绱勪簡鎴戝湅缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鍜岀ぞ鏈�(hu矛)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曪紝瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)宸ユキ(y猫)寤㈡按闆舵帓鏀惧嫝(sh矛)鍦ㄥ繀琛�銆傚虎姘撮浂鎺掓斁鏄編鍦嬩簬1970骞撮鍏堟彁鍑虹殑锛岀編鍦嬮浕鍔涚爺绌朵腑蹇冨皣寤㈡按闆舵帓鏀惧畾缇╃偤鈥滀笉鍚戝湴闈㈡按鍩熸帓鏀句换浣曞舰寮忕殑姘�(鍖呮嫭鎺掑嚭鎴栨徊鍑�)锛屾墍鏈夐洟闁嬮浕寤犵殑姘撮兘鏄互婵曟埃鐨勫舰寮忔垨鑰呭浐鍖栧湪鐏版福涓€漑1锛�2]銆傛垜鍦嬩簬2005骞撮爳甯冪殑銆婁腑鍦嬬瘈(ji茅)姘存妧琛�(sh霉)鏀跨瓥澶х侗銆嬫寚鍑轰簡鐧�(f膩)灞曞鎺掑虎姘村洖鐢ㄥ拰鈥滈浂鎺掓斁鈥濇妧琛�(sh霉)銆�

瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)宸ユキ(y猫)寤㈡按闆舵帓鏀鹃渶瑕佺郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勮В姹烘柟妗堬紝棣栧厛鎳�(y墨ng)閫氶亷鍎�(y艒u)鍖栧伐钘�锛屾彁楂樼敤姘存晥鐜囷紝闄嶄綆瑁濈疆姘磋€�;鍐嶅埄鐢ㄥ弽婊查€�(RO)銆侀浕婊叉瀽(EDR)銆佽秴婵�(UF)绛夊伐钘濆皣寤㈡按鍏呭垎鍥炵敤;灏�(du矛)浜庨珮鍚菇寤㈡按闆舵帓鏀炬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ純澶氱殑鏄捀鐧�(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅舵妧琛�(sh霉)锛屽嵆灏囧惈楣藉虎姘寸稉(j墨ng)閬庡厖鍒嗙殑闋�(y霉)婵冪府鍚庯紝鍐嶉€�(j矛n)鍏ヨ捀鐧�(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅跺櫒鍥哄寲铏曠悊锛岃€屽皪(du矛)浜庡悇绋珮婵冨害銆侀洠闄嶈В銆佹湁姣掓湁瀹崇殑鏈夋(j墨)寤㈡按锛岀編銆佹棩浠ュ強姝愭床涓€浜涘湅瀹堕噰鐢ㄤ簡瓒呰嚚鐣屾按姘у寲鎶€琛�(sh霉)閫�(j矛n)琛岃檿鐞嗐€傛湰鏂囧皪(du矛)钂哥櫦(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅跺伐钘�銆佸虎姘存績绺笡閲忔妧琛�(sh霉)浠ュ強瓒呰嚚鐣屾按姘у寲宸ヨ棟閫�(j矛n)琛屼粙绱广€�

1钂哥櫦(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅舵妧琛�(sh霉)

灏�(du矛)浜庡虎姘存繁搴﹁檿鐞嗛亷绋嬬敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑楂樺惈楣芥薄姘�锛屽彲浠ラ€氶亷钂哥櫦(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅惰檿鐞嗘渶绲傚(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)闆舵帓鏀�銆傝┎鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勬牳蹇冨湪钂哥櫦(f膩)锛岀洰鍓嶅湅鍏�(n猫i)澶栦富瑕佺殑钂哥櫦(f膩)鎶€琛�(sh霉)鏈夊鏁堣捀鐧�(f膩)銆佺啽鍔涜捀姹藉啀澹撶府钂哥櫦(f膩)銆佹(j墨)姊拌捀姹藉啀澹撶府钂哥櫦(f膩)銆侀檷鑶滃紡姗�(j墨)姊拌捀姹藉啀澹撶府寰挵(hu谩n)钂哥櫦(f膩)绛塠3]銆�

1.1澶氭晥钂哥櫦(f膩)

澶氭晥钂哥櫦(f膩)(MultipleEffectEvaporation锛孧EE)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)鏄皣骞惧€�(g猫)钂哥櫦(f膩)鍣ㄩ€ｆ帴璧蜂締鎿嶄綔锛屽墠涓€绱�(j铆)钂哥櫦(f膩)鍣ㄧ敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑浜屾钂告苯浣滅偤鍚庝竴绱�(j铆)钂哥櫦(f膩)鍣ㄧ殑鐔辨簮锛屼互鎻愰珮鐔辫兘鍒╃敤鐜�銆傚叾绐佸嚭鐨勫劒(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)鏄�:閫�(j矛n)姘撮爯(y霉)铏曠悊杓冪啊鍠�;鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ潏娲�锛屾棦鑳藉柈鐛�(d煤)浣跨敤锛屼篃鍙垏鍏跺畠鏂规硶鑱�(li谩n)鍚堜娇鐢�;绯荤当(t菕ng)鎿嶄綔瀹夊叏鍙潬銆�

1.2姗�(j墨)姊拌捀姹藉啀澹撶府钂哥櫦(f膩)

姗�(j墨)姊板紡钂告苯鍐嶅绺�(MechanicalVaporRecom-pression锛孧VR)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛屾槸灏囪捀鐧�(f膩)鍣ㄧ敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍏ㄩ儴浜屾钂告苯缍�(j墨ng)姗�(j墨)姊板绺(j墨)澹撶府锛屽鍔犵啽鐒撳悗浣滅偤钂哥櫦(f膩)鍣ㄧ殑鍔犵啽钂告苯锛屼互浣挎枡娑茬董鎸佹哺楱扮媭鎱�(t脿i)锛岃€屽姞鐔辫捀姹芥湰韬喎鍑濇垚姘�?锛涘帴妯熻嫃缇濋骇鎽�?锛屾彁楂樹簡鐔辨晥鐜�锛岄檷浣庝簡鑳借€�銆侻VR鐨勫劒(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)鏄兘鑰椾綆銆侀亱(y霉n)琛屾垚鏈綆;鍗犲湴闈㈢⿳灏�;鍏敤宸ョ▼閰嶅灏�;鑷嫊(d貌ng)鍖栫▼搴﹂珮;閬�(y霉n)琛屽钩绌�(w臎n)锛岄仼鍚堢啽鏁忔€х墿鏂橻4]銆�

1.3闄嶈啘寮忔(j墨)姊拌捀姹藉啀澹撶府寰挵(hu谩n)钂哥櫦(f膩)

鈥滈檷鑶滃紡姗�(j墨)姊拌捀姹藉啀澹撶府寰挵(hu谩n)钂哥櫦(f膩)鈥濇槸鍦∕VR鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涓�锛岄噰鐢ㄩ檷鑶滃紡钂哥櫦(f膩)锛屽苟鍦ㄨ捀鐧�(f膩)鍣ㄤ笅閮ㄨō(sh猫)缃績楣芥按寰挵(hu谩n)娉�锛屽湪婵冮菇姘撮娆＄稉(j墨ng)閬庤捀鐧�(f膩)鍣ㄦ湭閬�(d谩)鍒版墍闇€婵冨害鏅�(sh铆)锛屽彲閫氶亷寰挵(hu谩n)娉垫墦鍒拌捀鐧�(f膩)鍣ㄩ爞閮ㄥ啀娆″惊鐠�(hu谩n)锛岀洿鑷抽仈(d谩)鍒版墍闇€婵冨害銆傝┎宸ヨ棟閲囩敤鍠晥钂哥櫦(f膩)鍣ㄥ彲浠ラ仈(d谩)鍒板鏁堣捀鐧�(f膩)鐨勬晥鏋�銆�

瑭叉妧琛�(sh霉)鏄洰鍓嶈檿鐞嗛珮鍚菇姹℃按鏈€鏈夋晥銆佹渶缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鐨勬妧琛�(sh霉)銆傝捀鐧�(f膩)寤㈡按鎵€闇€鐨勭啽閲忕敱钂告苯鍐峰嚌鍜屽喎鍑濇按鍐峰嵒鎵€閲嬫斁鐨勭啽鑳芥彁渚涳紝閬�(y霉n)琛岄亷绋嬩腑娑堣€楃殑鍙槸椹�(q奴)鍕�(d貌ng)瑁濈疆鍏�(n猫i)鐨勬按娉�銆佽捀姹芥车閬�(y霉n)杞�(zhu菐n)鍜岃缃帶鍒剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鎵€闇€瑕佺殑闆昏兘銆傚彟澶栨績楣芥按寰挵(hu谩n)娉靛挤(qi谩ng)鍒舵恫楂斿惊鐠�(hu谩n)锛屽彲浠ラ檷浣庣祼(ji茅)鍨㈠拰绲�(ji茅)鏅跺牭濉炵殑绋嬪害銆�

1.4骞剧ó钂哥櫦(f膩)鍣ㄧ殑姣旇純

澶氭晥钂哥櫦(f膩)(MEE)鎶€琛�(sh霉)鎴愮啛锛屽彲铏曠悊寤㈡按鑼冨湇寤ｏ紝鎵€闇€鐢熻捀姘ｉ噺澶�锛屾晥鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫灏戣缍滃悎鑰冩叜瑷�(sh猫)鍌欐姇璩�銆傛(j墨)姊拌捀姹藉啀澹撶府钂哥櫦(f膩)(MVR)鑸囧鏁堣捀鐧�(f膩)(MEE)鐩告瘮锛孧VR鑳芥渶澶х▼搴﹀湴鍒╃敤浜屾钂告苯锛�绡€(ji茅)鑳�鏁堟灉椤憲锛屽崰鍦伴潰绌嶅皬銆�

MVR鍦ㄩ娆″暉鍕�(d貌ng)鏅�(sh铆)闇€瑕佽捀姹戒緵绲�锛屾甯搁亱(y霉n)琛屽悗涓嶉渶鍙﹁渚涚郸钂告苯銆備絾MVR灏�(du矛)钂告苯澹撶府姗�(j墨)鐨勮姹傚緢楂�锛屽熀鏈噰鐢ㄩ€�(j矛n)鍙ｅ绺(j墨)锛屽児(ji脿)鏍奸珮鏄�銆�

MEE涓昏娑堣€楃殑鏄捀姘ｏ紝鑰孧VR鍓囨槸浠ラ浕浠ｆ苯銆傞檷鑶滃紡姗�(j墨)姊拌捀姹藉啀澹撶府寰挵(hu谩n)钂哥櫦(f膩)鑸嘙VR鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍦ㄥ埄鐢ㄤ簩娆¤捀姹界瘈(ji茅)鑳藉拰灏�(du矛)钂告苯澹撶府姗�(j墨)鐨勯珮瑕佹眰鏂归潰鏄竴鑷寸殑銆傞檷鑶滆捀鐧�(f膩)鍣ㄩ潬閲嶅姏浣滅敤鎴愯啘锛岃兘钂哥櫦(f膩)绮樺害杓冨ぇ鐨勭墿鏂�锛屼笖鍙楃啽鏅�(sh铆)闁撶煭锛岃捀鐧�(f膩)鏁堢巼杓冮珮锛岄仼浜庣啽鏁忔€у挤(qi谩ng)銆佹績搴﹁純澶с€佷笉鏄撶祼(ji茅)鍨㈢殑鏂欐恫銆�

閲囩敤鈥滄櫠绋硶鈥濆彲浠ヨВ姹烘彌鐔辩绲�(ji茅)鍨㈠晱椤岋紝鍙﹀閲囩敤钂告苯璧扮鍏�(n猫i)銆佹績姘村湪绠″鐨勬柟寮忔噳(y墨ng)瑭叉洿鏄撲簬娓呯悊[5]銆�

1.5瀛樺湪鐨勫晱椤�

姹℃按闆舵帓鏀炬妧琛�(sh霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸靛拰闆ｉ粸(di菐n)鍦ㄤ簬瑷�(sh猫)鍌欏鏄撶祼(ji茅)鍨㈡薄鍫�銆佽厫铦曟€у挤(qi谩ng)銆佹姇璩囬珮銆佺櫦(f膩)娉＄瓑鍟忛銆�

1.5.1绲�(ji茅)鍨�

婵冮菇寤㈡按涓殑楣藉垎鍦ㄨ捀鐧�(f膩)婵冪府鍚�锛屽緢蹇仈(d谩)鍒伴＝鍜屽苟鏋愬嚭锛屽湪瑷�(sh猫)鍌欎笂绲�(ji茅)鍨紝灏�(d菐o)鑷磋捀鐧�(f膩)鍣ㄥ拰绲�(ji茅)鏅跺櫒鐨勫偝鐔辩郴鏁�(sh霉)闄嶄綆锛岀敋鑷冲牭濉炴彌鐔辩锛岄渶瑕侀牷绻佹竻娲�锛屽毚(y谩n)閲嶉檷浣庤缃殑鍦ㄧ窔鐜嘯6]銆�

鈥滄櫠绋硶鈥濇妧琛�(sh霉)鍙互绶╄В钂哥櫦(f膩)鍣ㄦ彌鐔辩鐨勭祼(ji茅)鍨㈠晱椤�锛岃寤ｆ硾鐢ㄤ簬鍚勭ó楂樺惈楣藉虎姘寸殑铏曠悊?锛佺啲啸N娉曗€濅互纭吀閳ｇ偤鍩虹(ch菙)锛屽虎姘翠腑涓€鑸潎鍚湁閳ｅ拰纭寲鐗�锛岃捀鐧�(f膩)鍣ㄩ枊濮嬮亱(y霉n)琛屽墠锛屽鏋滃虎姘翠腑鎵€鍚殑閳ｅ拰纭寲鐗╅洟瀛愬惈閲忎笉瓒�锛屽彲浜哄伐瑁�(b菙)鍔犮€�

鍦ㄥ虎姘撮噷娣诲姞纭吀閳ｂ€滅ó瀛愨€�锛屼娇鍏朵腑鐨勯垼鍜岀～鍖栫墿闆㈠瓙鍚噺閬�(d谩)鍒伴仼鐣�(d膩ng)姘村钩锛屽虎姘撮枊濮嬭捀鐧�(f膩)鏅�(sh铆)锛屾按涓枊濮嬬祼(ji茅)鏅剁殑纭吀閳ｅ氨闄勮憲鍦ㄩ€欎簺鈥滅ó瀛愨€濅笂锛屽苟淇濇寔鎳告诞鍦ㄦ按閲�锛屼笉鏈�(hu矛)闄勮憲鍦ㄦ彌鐔辩琛ㄩ潰绲�(ji茅)鍨紝閫欑ó鐝�(xi脿n)璞＄ū鐐衡€滈伕鎿囨€х祼(ji茅)鏅垛€�銆傛噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄢ€滄櫠绋硶鈥濈殑钂哥櫦(f膩)鍣紝閫氬父鑳介€ｇ簩(x霉)閬�(y霉n)琛屼竴骞翠互鍚庢墠闇€瀹氭湡娓呮礂锛屼竴鑸櫎浜嗗湪钂哥櫦(f膩)鍣ㄥ暉鍕�(d貌ng)鏅�(sh铆)鍙兘闇€瑕佹坊鍔犫€滄櫠绋€濆锛屾甯搁亱(y霉n)琛屾檪(sh铆)鐒￠渶鍐嶆坊鍔�銆�

1.5.2鑵愯潟鑸囨姇璩�

婵冮菇寤㈡按缍�(j墨ng)钂哥櫦(f膩)婵冪府鍚庯紝甯稿惈鏈夐珮婵冨害鐨勮厫铦曟€ч洟瀛�锛屽皪(du矛)宸ヨ棟瑷�(sh猫)鍌欓伕鏉愬拰鍒堕€犵殑瑕佹眰寰堥珮锛岄€氬父閬╃敤鐨勬潗璩�(zh矛)鍖呮嫭Ti銆乀i鍚堥噾銆�6%Mo銆�625銆�2205銆�316L绛�锛屽洜姝ゆ姇璩囨サ楂樸€傝捀鐧�(f膩)鍣ㄥ拰绲�(ji茅)鏅跺櫒鐨勫櫢姘存姇璩囪不(f猫i)鐢ㄩ噰鐢ㄩ€�(j矛n)鍙ｈō(sh猫)鍌欑偤150锝�200钀厓锛岄噰鐢ㄥ紩閫�(j矛n)鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勫湅鍏�(n猫i)鍒堕€犺ō(sh猫)鍌欑偤110锝�140钀厓[7]銆�

1.5.3鐧�(f膩)娉�

婵冮菇寤㈡按涓父瀛樺湪鏈夋(j墨)姹℃煋鐗╃瓑闆滆唱(zh矛)锛岄€氬父瀹规槗鐧�(f膩)娉�锛屽鏋滆捀鐧�(f膩)鍣ㄥ拰绲�(ji茅)鏅跺櫒鍏�(n猫i)鐨勬场娌緱涓嶅埌鎺у埗锛屾渻(hu矛)鍤�(y谩n)閲�?f霉)p澹炴(j墨)姊板绺(j墨)锛屽苟姹℃煋鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佹按鐨勬按璩�(zh矛)銆�

1.6钂哥櫦(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅舵妧琛�(sh霉)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�

鍦ㄩ浕鍔涜妤�(y猫)锛屾瓙缇庡湅瀹剁噧鐓ら浕寤犲虎姘粹€滈浂鎺掓斁鈥濈郴绲�(t菕ng)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ純澶氱殑鏄疢VR闄嶈啘钂哥櫦(f膩)鍣╗8锛�9]銆傛剰澶у埄鍦嬪闆荤恫(w菐ng)鍏徃(ENEL)鏃椾笅鐨�5鍊�(g猫)鐕冪叅闆诲粻锛屽埄鐢ㄨ捀鐧�(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅舵妧琛�(sh霉)灏�(du矛)鑴～寤㈡按閫�(j矛n)琛屼簡娣卞害铏曠悊锛屾渶绲傚(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗗虎姘寸殑闆舵帓鏀�銆�

鍦嬪収(n猫i)寤ｆ澅娌虫簮闆诲粻閲囩敤鈥滈爯(y霉)铏曠悊+鍥涙晥寮�(qi谩ng)鍒跺惊鐠�(hu谩n)钂哥櫦(f膩)+绲�(ji茅)鏅垛€濆伐钘濆皪(du矛)婵曟硶鑴～寤㈡按閫�(j矛n)琛屼簡娣卞害铏曠悊锛岃檿鐞嗛噺鐐�22m3/h锛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)鎶曡硣9750钀厓銆傛亽鐩婇浕寤犲紩閫�(j矛n)缇庡湅鈥滆嚗寮忚杽鑶滃櫞娣婱VC钂哥櫦(f膩)/绲�(ji茅)鏅垛€濆伐钘濊檿鐞嗚劔纭虎姘�锛岃ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)铏曠悊閲�20m3/h锛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)绺芥姇璩囩磩6000钀厓銆傜煶娌瑰寲宸ヤ紒妤�(y猫)鐨勫虎娑茶檿鐞嗕篃寤ｆ硾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ捀鐧�(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅舵妧琛�(sh霉)銆�

鍖楃編銆佷腑鏉便€佸焹鍙�锛屾垜鍦嬬殑閲戝北鐭冲寲銆佽槶宸炵煶鍖栫瓑閮芥湁閫欎簺鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傛柊鐤嗚彲娉伴噸鍖栧伐鏈夐檺璨�(z茅)浠诲叕鍙稿拰鏂扮枂涓嘲鍖栧(xu茅)闃滃悍鑳芥簮鏈夐檺鍏徃姘箼鐑缃殑鍚睘寤㈡按锛岀稉(j墨ng)钂哥櫦(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅惰缃檿鐞嗗悗锛屽叏楣介噺鑴櫎鐜囧潎鍦�97.5%浠ヤ笂锛屾隘闆㈠瓙鑴櫎鐜囧湪97%浠ヤ笂銆�

鍦ㄧ叅鍖栧伐琛屾キ(y猫)锛屽収(n猫i)钂欏彜绁炶彲鐓ゆ补鍏徃鐨勯珮楣藉虎姘撮噰鐢ㄨ捀鐧�(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅舵硶铏曠悊锛岃┎濂楄缃敱缇庡湅GE鍏徃鍜屽洓宸濊嚜璨㈣紩宸ユキ(y猫)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐮旂┒闄㈠悎浣滃畬鎴�锛岀敱鍏╂晥闄嶈啘寰挵(hu谩n)钂哥櫦(f膩)鍣ㄥ拰1鑷�(t谩i)澶栧姞鐔卞紡寮�(qi谩ng)鍒跺惊鐠�(hu谩n)钂哥櫦(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅跺櫒绲勬垚銆傝┎钂哥櫦(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅剁郴绲�(t菕ng)浜�2009骞村簳寤烘垚瑭﹁粖锛�2010骞�8鏈堣綁(zhu菐n)鍏ユ甯搁亱(y霉n)琛�銆�

鍦ㄩ噰娌硅妤�(y猫)锛�2002骞村姞鎷垮ぇ闃跨埦浼仈(d谩)娌圭敯灏囪捀鐧�(f膩)娉曟噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬SAGD(SteamAssistedGravityDrain-age)瑁濈疆锛屾繁搴﹁檿鐞嗘补鐢版薄姘淬€傝捀鐧�(f膩)鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍦ㄨ嵎铇�銆佸痉鍦�銆佷腑鏉辩瓑涓€浜涘湅瀹惰寤ｆ硾鐢ㄤ簬娌圭敯姹℃按铏曠悊锛屽(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗗嚭姘寸殑鍥炵敤銆�2004鑷�2005骞�锛屽湅鍏�(n猫i)鍕濆埄娌圭敯鍒嗗叕鍙歌垏涓湅鐭虫补澶у(xu茅)鍒╃敤澶氭晥钂哥櫦(f膩)鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍦ㄥ柈瀹跺娌圭敯閫�(j矛n)琛屼簡娌圭敯姹℃按娣卞害铏曠悊瑭﹂(y脿n)鐮旂┒锛岀敓鐢�(ch菐n)鑳藉姏3锝�5m3/h锛岃檿鐞嗗悗鐨勬按閬�(d谩)鍒颁簡閸嬬垚鐢ㄦ按瑕佹眰銆�

2寤㈡按闋�(y霉)婵冪府鏂规硶

鐐轰簡娓涘皯钂哥櫦(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勯€�(j矛n)姘撮噺锛屼互闄嶄綆瑷�(sh猫)鍌欐姇璩囧拰閬�(y霉n)琛岃不(f猫i)鐢�锛屾噳(y墨ng)鐩￠噺鎻愰珮闋�(y霉)铏曠悊灏�(du矛)寤㈡按鐨勬績绺€嶆暩(sh霉)銆傚湅澶栨績楣芥按瓒呮績绺伐钘濅富瑕佹湁楂樻晥鍙嶆徊閫�(HighEfficientReverseOsmosis绨＄ūHERO)銆佺磵婵捐啘銆侀渿鍕�(d貌ng)鑶�(DM)銆佹婊查€忕瓑[10]銆�

2.1楂樻晥鍙嶆徊閫廐ERO

楂樻晥鍙嶆徊閫忔槸涓€绋湪甯歌(gu墨)鍙嶆徊閫忚啘鍩虹(ch菙)涓婇枊鐧�(f膩)鐨勬柊宸ヨ棟锛屽叾鍘熺悊鏄€氶亷杌熷寲闋�(y霉)铏曠悊锛屽幓闄や締姘寸殑纭害锛岀劧鍚庤劔姘ｉ櫎鍘绘按涓殑浜屾哀鍖栫⒊锛屽啀鍔犲牽灏囧弽婊查€忛€�(j矛n)姘磒H瑾�(di脿o)鍒�8.5浠ヤ笂銆傝垏甯歌(gu墨)RO宸ヨ棟鐩告瘮锛岃┎宸ヨ棟鏈変互涓嬬壒榛�(di菐n):

(1)闃插灑銆侀槻绮樻薄銆侀槻鍫靛

閫氶亷闋�(y霉)铏曠悊闄ゅ幓绲︽按涓殑纭害鍜屽叾瀹冪祼(ji茅)鍨㈡€х墿璩�(zh矛)锛岄仈(d谩)鍒伴槻鍨㈡晥鏋�銆�

鍦ㄩ珮pH涓嬮亱(y霉n)琛屼娇瑭插伐钘濆湪澶氭柟闈㈡笡灏戞薄鍫�:

鈶犲洜纭呯殑婧惰В搴﹂毃pH鐨勬彁楂樿€屽澶�锛屾墍浠ユ槑椤彁楂樹簡纭呯殑绲�(ji茅)鍨㈡サ闄愶紝浣�?ji茅)棣戭啳娉勭挧鏆儨闈犺泧_(d谩)1600锝�2000mg/L锛岃€屽父瑕�(gu墨)RO鐨勭婵冨害鏈€楂樼偤200mg/L宸﹀彸;

鈶￠珮pH鏄敓鐗╃殑鎶戝埗鍔�锛岀窗(x矛)鑿�銆佺梾姣�銆佸瀛愬拰鍏�(n猫i)姣掔礌绛夎婧惰В鎴栫殏鍖栵紝鏈夋(j墨)鐗╄涔冲寲鎴栫殏鍖�锛屼互閬垮厤绮橀檮浜庤啘涓�;

鈶㈤绮掔矘姹＄殑琛ㄩ潰寮�(qi谩ng)搴︽槑椤檷浣�锛岄珮姹℃偿鎸囨暩(sh霉)(SDI)鐨勬按鑳藉湪鐒￠渶缍�(j墨ng)?锛涚槣W(xu茅)娓呮礂鐨勬浠朵笅閬�(y霉n)琛屻€�

(2)娓呮礂娆℃暩(sh霉)娓涘皯

甯歌(gu墨)RO鐐轰簡闃叉鐢熺墿绮樻薄瑕侀€�(j矛n)琛岄枔鏂风殑楂榩H娓呮礂锛孒ERO鏈韩鍦ㄩ珮pH涓嬮亱(y霉n)琛�锛屾墍浠ヤ笉鍐嶉渶瑕侀珮pH娓呮礂锛岀稉(j墨ng)甯告€х殑鍖栧(xu茅)娓呮礂涔熷ぇ鐐烘笡灏�銆�

(3)鑶滈€氶噺鎻愰珮

HERO鍥烘湁鐨勯槻鍨€€侀槻绮樻薄銆侀槻鍫靛姗�(j墨)鍒�锛屼娇寰楀叾鑶滈€氶噺姣斿父瑕�(gu墨)RO楂樺緱澶歔11锛�12]銆�

2.2闇囧嫊(d貌ng)鑶淒M

闇囧嫊(d貌ng)鑶滄妧琛�(sh霉)瀵�(sh铆)璩�(zh矛)涓婁篃鏄湪甯歌(gu墨)鑶滃熀绀�(ch菙)涓婄殑涓€绋柊宸ヨ棟銆傚父瑕�(gu墨)宸ヨ棟鐨勮啘閬庢烤锛屽虎姘村湪鑶滆〃闈㈡祦閬庯紝鑶滄槸闈滄鐨�锛岀诞鍑濈墿瀹规槗鍦ㄨ啘琛ㄩ潰娌夌⿳绲�(ji茅)鍨�銆傞渿鍕�(d貌ng)鑶滃墖灏囧父瑕�(gu墨)鐨勮啘鍥哄畾鍦ㄧ壒娈婄殑闇囧嫊(d貌ng)瑁濈疆涓�锛屼娇鑶滅祫鍦ㄦ壄鍔涘綀绨т笂楂橀牷鐜囨壄鍕�(d貌ng)锛屽緸鑰屽湪鑶滃拰鑸囦箣鎺ヨЦ鐨勬按涔嬮枔鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷挤(qi谩ng)澶х殑鍓垏鍔�锛屼娇寰楅潬杩戣啘鐨勬按鍜屾薄鍨㈤绮掑舰鎴愭箥鍕�(d貌ng)锛屾薄鏌撶墿涓嶆槗娌夌⿳锛岃啘琛ㄩ潰涓嶆槗绲�(ji茅)鍨�锛屾彁楂樹簡鑶滈€氶噺锛岄檷浣庝簡鑶滅殑娓呮礂鍜屾洿鎻涢牷鐜�銆�

绁炶彲绁炴澅闆诲姏鏈夐檺鍏徃閮鐏ｉ浕寤犵殑寤㈡按鎺掓斁鏀归€犲伐绋嬶紝閲囩敤涓婃捣娉撴繜(j矛)鐠�(hu谩n)淇濆伐绋�鏈夐檺鍏徃鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛屽弽婊查€忔績姘寸稉(j墨ng)鍦嬪寮曢€�(j矛n)鐨凞M(鎸嫊(d貌ng)寮忕枈鐗囪啘)閫�(j矛n)涓€姝ユ績绺紝绯荤当(t菕ng)鍥炴敹鐜囧彲閬�(d谩)95%锛屽叾浣�5%鐨凞M鑶滄績姘寸稉(j墨ng)閫�(j矛n)鍙ｇ殑MVR钂哥櫦(f膩)鍚庯紝閬�(d谩)鍒伴浂鎺掓斁銆傚叾寮曢€�(j矛n)鐨凞M鑶滃湪鍦嬪宸叉湁涓€鐧惧鍊�(g猫)鎴愬姛妗堜緥锛岄亱(y霉n)琛岀┅(w臎n)瀹�锛屾妧琛�(sh霉)鎴愮啛锛岃€屽湪鍦嬪収(n猫i)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ皻铏曡捣姝ラ殠娈礫13]銆�

3瓒呰嚚鐣屾按姘у寲鎶€琛�(sh霉)

瓒呰嚚鐣屾按姘у寲(supercriticalwateroxidation锛孲CWO)鎶€琛�(sh霉)鏄敱缇庡湅楹荤渷鐞嗗伐瀛�(xu茅)闄㈢殑Model鏁欐巿浜�20涓栫磤(j矛)80骞翠唬鎻愬嚭鐨�銆傝┎鎶€琛�(sh霉)浠ヨ秴鑷ㄧ晫姘�(婧害>374鈩�锛屽鍔�>22.1MPa)鐐轰粙璩�(zh矛)锛屽埄鐢ㄨ秴鑷ㄧ晫姊濅欢涓嬩笉瀛樺湪姘ｆ恫鐣岄潰?zh猫n)楂粅(zh矛)闃诲姏渚嗘彁楂樺弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熺巼锛岀敤姘ф埃鎴栫┖姘ｇ瓑姘у寲鍔戝皣鏈夋(j墨)鐗╁竟搴曟哀鍖栥€係CWO閬╀簬铏曠悊鍚勭ó楂樻績搴�銆侀洠闄嶈В鏈夋(j墨)寤㈡按锛岀壒鍒ユ槸鏈夋(j墨)姹℃煋鐗╂績搴﹀湪3%锝�10%鐨勫虎姘碵14]銆�

3.1瓒呰嚚鐣屾按姘у寲鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)

(1)姘у寲寰瑰簳锛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熺巼楂�锛岀劇浜屾姹℃煋姘翠腑骞句箮鎵€鏈夌殑鏈夋(j墨)姹℃煋鐗╁彲鍦ㄥ咕绉掕嚦骞惧垎閻樺収(n猫i)锛岃垏姘ф埃鎴栫┖姘ｄ腑鐨勬哀鐧�(f膩)鐢熸哀鍖栧垎瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃綁(zhu菐n)鍖栨垚CO2銆佹按銆佹爱?d煤)鐛�?锛屽垎瑙ｇ巼?9.99%浠ヤ笂锛屾薄姘村湪瀵嗛枆鐠�(hu谩n)澧冧腑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)寰瑰簳锛屼笉鎺掓斁姹℃煋鐗�銆�

(2)鐒℃(j墨)楣介婧惰В搴︽サ浣庯紝浠ュ浐楂斿舰寮忚鍒嗛洟鍑轰締銆�

(3)鐣�(d膩ng)寤㈡按涓殑鏈夋(j墨)鐗╁惈閲�>3%鏅�(sh铆)锛屽彲渚濋潬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏀剧啽渚嗙董鎸佽缃亱(y霉n)琛�锛屼笉闇€澶栫晫渚涚啽銆�

(4)瑁濈疆鍙ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鎴愬皬鍨嬪寲鐨勫彲绉诲嫊(d貌ng)瑷�(sh猫)鍌欙紝渚夸簬鐝�(xi脿n)鍫�(ch菐ng)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�

3.2瀛樺湪鐨勫晱椤�

(1)鑵愯潟

鍦⊿CWO鐨勮嫑鍒绘浠朵笅锛屾潗鏂欑殑鑰愯厫铦曟€�锛岀壒鍒ユ槸鏉愭枡鍦ㄩ珮婧�銆侀珮姘у寲鎬у惈閰镐粙璩�(zh矛)涓殑鑵愯潟鍟忛锛岀洰鍓嶇爺绌朵粛寰堜笉鍏呭垎銆傛湁浜涙潗鏂欏湪甯告韩甯稿涓嬪叿鏈夊緢濂界殑鑰愰吀鎬ц兘锛屼絾鍦⊿CWO姊濅欢涓嬪墖澶卞幓浜嗚€愰吀鎬э紝濡俆i鍦�400鈩冧互涓婂皪(du矛)H2SO4鍜孒3PO4鐨勮€愯厫铦曟€ц畩寰楀緢宸�銆�

涓€浜涙潗鏂欏彲浠ュ緢濂藉湴鎶靛埗涓€浜涢吀锛岃€屼笉鑳藉悓鏅�(sh铆)鎶靛埗鍏跺畠閰�锛屽洜姝�锛岄潬涓€绋弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍣ㄦ潗鏂欒В姹哄悇绋吀鎬ц厫铦曞晱椤屾槸涓嶅彲鑳界殑锛屽彲浠ュ皪(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍣ㄧ殑涓嶅悓閮ㄤ綅閲囩敤涓嶅悓鏉愭枡渚嗘笡灏戣厫铦昜15锛�16]銆�

(2)楣藉牭濉瀃17锛�18]

楣芥瀽鍑烘槸SCWO鐨勪富瑕佸晱椤屼箣涓€锛屽湪瓒呰嚚鐣屾按涓ぇ澶氭暩(sh霉)楣界殑婧惰В搴︽サ浣�锛屾湁鐨勫儏鐐�1锝�100mg/L銆傜暥(d膩ng)浜炶嚚鐣岀殑鍚菇婧舵恫蹇€熷姞鐔卞埌瓒呰嚚鐣屾韩搴︽檪(sh铆)锛屾憾瑙ｅ湪鍏朵腑鐨勯菇鏈�(hu矛)蹇€熸瀽鍑�锛屽嵆浣垮湪楂樻祦閫熶笅锛屾瀽鍑虹殑楣戒篃鏈�(hu矛)鍫靛鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍣�銆備汉鍊�?c猫)鍣睤閫氶亷鏀硅畩宸ヨ棟姊濅欢鍜屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍣ㄧ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)渚嗚В姹洪菇鍫靛晱椤�銆�

浣嗗(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)閫氶亷鏀硅畩宸ヨ棟鍙冩暩(sh霉)涓嶈兘閬垮厤鍫靛锛岃€岀壒娈婄祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍣ㄧ殑鑰愪箙鎬у樊锛岀劇娉曢暦鏈熼亱(y霉n)琛�銆傛墍浠�锛屽厠鏈嶅牭濉炵殑鏈€濂借睛娉曟槸娓涘皯寤㈡按鐨勯菇鍚噺銆傜敱姝ゅ彲瑕�锛孲CWO宸ヨ棟涓嶉仼浜庨珮鍚菇寤㈡按鐨勮檿鐞�銆�

(3)璨�(f猫i)鐢ㄥ晱椤�

SCWO鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍣ㄩ€犲児(ji脿)鏄傝泊锛岃€屼笖鍦ㄩ珮婧�銆侀珮澹撲笅閬�(y霉n)琛岋紝鍥犳铏曠悊璨�(f猫i)鐢ㄥ緢楂�銆傛湁鐮旂┒鑰呮牳绠楀緱鍑�锛岄檷瑙�1t鍚�10%wt鏈夋(j墨)鐗╃殑姹℃按鎵€闇€鐨勭附璨�(f猫i)鐢ㄧ磩鐐�3000鍏冦€�

(4)瀹夊叏鍟忛

閫欐槸鐢辫秴鑷ㄧ晫姘存哀鍖栨湰韬珮婧�銆侀珮澹撶殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)姹哄畾鐨勩€�

3.3鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ儏娉�

鍦ㄧ編鍦�銆佹棩鏈拰姝愭床涓€浜涘湅瀹跺缓绔嬩簡澶氬瓒呰嚚鐣屾按姘у寲瑁濈疆锛岀敤浜庤檿鐞嗗悇绋珮婵冨害鏈夋瘨鏈夊寤㈡按鎴栧虎鐗19锝�21]锛岃┏瑕嬭〃1銆�

琛�1瓒呰嚚鐣屾按姘у寲鎶€琛�(sh霉)涓│鍙婂伐妤�(y猫)鍖栨噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ(sh铆)渚�


琛�1涓編鍦婱odar鍏徃2001骞村缓绔嬬殑瑭茶缃€犲児(ji脿)300钀編鍏�锛屾搷浣滆不(f猫i)鐢ㄧ磩180缇庡厓/t骞叉偿锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑寤㈢啽鍜孋O2鍙互鍑哄敭锛屼互姣忓櫢骞叉薄娉ヨ▓(j矛)锛屽彲閵峰緱120缇庡厓锛屽緸鑰屼娇鍑堟搷浣滆不(f猫i)鐢ㄧ偤60缇庡厓/t銆�

鍦嬪収(n猫i)寰�20涓栫磤(j矛)90骞翠唬涓湡闁嬪閫�(j矛n)琛孲CWO鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勭爺绌�銆傛竻鑿ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鐜嬫郡銆佹禉姹熷ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鏋楁槬閷�銆佸崡闁嬪ぇ瀛�(xu茅)婕嗘柊鑿�銆佺煶娌瑰ぇ瀛�(xu茅)闉犵編搴瓑鍒嗗垾閫�(j矛n)琛屼簡鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐮旂┒锛屾渤鍖楃鎶€澶у(xu茅)鑸囨渤鍖楅珮娓呯挵(hu谩n)淇濈鎶€鏈夐檺鍏徃鍚堜綔锛岄€�(j矛n)琛屼簡SCWO娉曠殑瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)[22]銆備腑鍦嬭嚭(t谩i)鐏ｄ簬2001骞撮枊濮嬪(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹ょ爺绌�锛屽苟浜�2005骞�7鏈堟姇鐢�(ch菐n)绗竴濂桽CWO瑷�(sh猫)鍌�锛岃ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)铏曠悊閲�72t/d銆�

4绲�(ji茅)瑾�

宸ユキ(y猫)寤㈡按瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)闆舵帓鏀炬槸澶у嫝(sh矛)鎵€瓒�锛岃€屾牴鎿�(j霉)寤㈡按鎬ц唱(zh矛)閬告搰鍚堥仼鐨勫伐钘濇サ鍏堕噸瑕�锛岄€欏皣褰遍熆瑁濈疆鐨勬甯搁亱(y霉n)琛屽拰浣跨敤澹藉懡銆�

钂哥櫦(f膩)绲�(ji茅)鏅跺伐钘濇搷浣滄浠舵韩鍜�锛岃檿鐞嗛珮鍚菇寤㈡按鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ渚嬭純澶�銆傛噳(y墨ng)娉ㄦ剰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍣ㄩ伕鏉�銆佺祼(ji茅)鍨�銆佺櫦(f膩)娉＄瓑鍟忛锛岄伕鎿囬仼鐢ㄧ殑婵冪府闋�(y霉)铏曠悊宸ヨ棟鍙湁鏁堥檷浣庤缃殑鎶曡硣鍜岄亱(y霉n)琛岃不(f猫i)鐢�銆�

瓒呰嚚鐣屾按姘у寲宸ヨ棟鐗瑰垾閬╀簬铏曠悊楂樻績搴︺€侀洠闄嶈В鐨勬湁姗�(j墨)寤㈡按锛岀従(xi脿n)鏈塖CWO鎶€琛�(sh霉)閮介洠浠ョ敤渚嗚檿鐞嗛珮鍚菇寤㈡按銆傝┎宸ヨ棟鏈€闆ｈВ姹虹殑鏄秴鑷ㄧ晫姊濅欢涓嬫潗鏂欒€愰吀鑵愯潟鎬ц兘鐨勯檷浣庡拰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍣ㄩ菇鍫靛鍟忛銆傚彟澶栧湪楂樻韩楂樺涓嬮亱(y霉n)琛�锛岃鐗瑰垾閲嶈閬�(y霉n)琛岄亷绋嬩腑鐨勫畨鍏ㄥ晱椤�銆�

鍙冭€冩枃鐛�(xi脿n)鐣�

銆婄挵(hu谩n)澧冪瀛�(xu茅)灏�(d菐o)鍒娿€嬩綔鑰咃細宕旈吵闇�锛屾潕姒�锛岄櫝鐟嬪