闅ㄨ憲姹�姘磋檿鐞�宸ヨ棟鐨勪笉鏂烽€叉锛岄啱(y墨)闄㈤€愭几寮曠敤MBR涓€楂斿寲姹℃按铏曠悊瑷�(sh猫)鍌�銆傜浉姣斿偝绲�(t菕ng)閱�(y墨)闄㈡薄姘磋檿鐞嗗伐钘�锛孧BR鏇磋兘绡€(ji茅)绱勬秷姣掑姂鐢ㄩ噺锛屼娇鎺ヨЦ鏅傞枔绺煭锛岃€屼笖鍦ㄥ井鐢熺墿婊呮椿鏂归潰鏈冨彇寰楄壇濂界殑鏁堟灉锛屽悓鏅備篃骞姪娑堟瘨宸ヨ棟鎵€鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑璨荤敤澶уぇ闄嶄綆锛屾秷姣掑姂娈樼暀鐐鸿嚜鐒剁挵(hu谩n)澧冩墍甯朵締鐨勫奖闊块毃涔嬫笡灏戙€傚洜姝�锛屾湰鏂囧皣灏嶆垜鍦嬮啱(y墨)闄㈡薄姘磋檿鐞嗙壒榛�銆佸姞姘秷姣掑伐钘濈殑灞€闄愪互鍙婅啘鐢熺墿鍙嶆噳鍣ㄨ檿鐞嗛啱(y墨)闄㈡薄姘撮€茶鎺㈡瀽銆�

[闂�(gu膩n)閸佃]閱�(y墨)闄㈡薄姘达紝鑶滅敓鐗╁弽鎳夊櫒锛屾噳鐢�

杩戝勾渚�,閱�(y墨)闄㈠湪姹℃按铏曠悊閬庣▼涓枊濮嬪紩鐢∕BR,鍗宠啘鐢熺墿鍙嶆噳鍣�,鍏朵綔鐐轰竴楂斿寲瑷�(sh猫)鍌�,鏍规摎(j霉)鍘熸按姘磋唱(zh矛)闈堟椿閰嶇疆宸ヨ棟娴佺▼,鑳藉?q奴)鈶╰(y墨)闄㈡薄姘磋檿閬斿埌鐢熸椿鐢ㄦ按鐨勬婧栥€傚緸閱�(y墨)闄㈡薄姘磋檿鐞嗙壒榛炰互鍙婃秷姣掑伐钘濈殑灞€闄愭€х壒榛炰締鐪�,MBR涓€楂斿寲姹℃按铏曠悊瑷�(sh猫)鍌欏湪鏈締閱�(y墨)闄㈡薄姘存噳鐢ㄤ腑灏囨垚鐐哄繀鐒惰定鍕€€�

1閱�(y墨)闄㈡薄姘磋檿鐞嗙殑涓昏鐗归粸

鐝�(xi脿n)闅庢,鍦嬪収(n猫i)閱�(y墨)闄㈠皪姹℃按铏曠悊鐨勪富瑕佹湁鍏╃ó鏂规硶锛氱涓€,鍒╃敤娑堟瘨鍔戦€茶娑堟瘨涔嬪悗灏囧叾鎺掑叆甯傛斂涓嬫按閬�銆傜浜�,灏嶆薄姘撮噰鍙栫敓鍖栬檿鐞嗗苟鍦ㄦ秷姣掍箣鍚庡悜鑷劧姘撮珨涓帓鏀�銆傞€欏叐绋薄姘磋檿鐞嗘柟寮忕殑涓昏鐗归粸琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦細棣栧厛,鐥呭師寰敓鐗╂績搴﹁純楂�,閱�(y墨)鐧傚柈浣嶅皪姹℃按鐨勬秷姣掗仈涓嶅埌鍚堟牸妯欐簴銆傚挨鍏跺ぇ澶氶啱(y墨)闄㈠湪瑕�(gu墨)妯＄府灏�銆佺瓑绱氶檷浣庝箣鍚�,鍏舵秷姣掓柟娉�銆佹薄姘磋檿鐞嗚ō(sh猫)鍌欎互鍙婅嚜鎴戞娓柟闈㈢殑瀹屽杽绋嬪害涔熷憟鐝�(xi脿n)閬炴笡瓒ㄥ嫝銆�

鍏舵,娑堟瘨閬庣▼涓富瑕佷互姘偤涓�銆傚湅鍏�(n猫i)澶у鍦板崁(q奴)鐩鎵€閲囩敤鐨勪竴鑸偤涓€绱氭垨浜岀礆铏曠悊鍔犳隘娑堟瘨銆佹姘吀閳夋秷姣掑姂鎴栬€呭埄鐢ㄦ恫姘€佷簩姘у寲姘€茶娑堟瘨銆傜涓�,娑堟瘨鍔戞姇鍔犻噺閬庨噺鎴栦笉瓒崇殑鎯呮硜姣旇純甯歌銆備竴閮ㄥ垎閱�(y墨)闄㈢偤淇濊瓑娈鸿弻姣旇純寰瑰簳,浣跨敤閬庨噺鐨勬秷姣掑姂,涔熸湁閮ㄥ垎閱�(y墨)闄㈢偤绡€(ji茅)绱勬垚鏈�,鎶曞姞閲忔槑椤笉瓒�,閬斾笉鍒拌壇濂界殑娑堟瘨鏁堟灉[1]銆�

2鍌崇当(t菕ng)鍔犳隘娑堟瘨宸ヨ棟灞€闄愭€у垎鏋�

閱�(y墨)闄腑甯哥敤鐨勬薄姘存秷姣掓柟娉曚富瑕佹湁鍖栧娉曡垏鐗╃悊娉�,鍏朵腑鍖栧娉曚腑鍔犳隘娑堟瘨鏂规硶鎳夌敤杓冪偤寤ｆ硾,濡傛恫姘€佷簩姘у寲姘�銆佹紓鐧界矇銆佹姘吀閳夌瓑娑堟瘨鍔戙€傞啱(y墨)闄腑閲囩敤鍔犳隘娑堟瘨宸ヨ棟鐨勫師鍥犲湪浜庡叾鎿嶄綔绨′究,灏嶇窗鑿岀瓑鐥呭師楂旂殑娈烘粎鑳借捣鍒拌純濂界殑鏁堟灉,浣嗗瓨鍦ㄧ殑灞€闄愭€т篃涓嶅蹇借銆�

2.1婊呮鐥呮瘨鐨勬晥鏋滆純宸�

閫氶亷鍌崇当(t菕ng)鍔犳隘娑堟瘨宸ヨ棟鎳夌敤浜庨啱(y墨)闄㈡薄姘存秷姣掗亷绋嬩腑鍒嗘瀽,閲囩敤姝ゅ伐钘濆皪瑷卞濡傚ぇ鑵歌弻缇�銆佹矙闁€姘忚弻绛夎弻缇ょ殑鍘婚櫎鐜囨サ楂�,鑰屽皪鐥呮瘨鍙栧嚭鎵€閬斿埌鐨勬暩(sh霉)閲忕礆妤靛皯銆傚挨鍏跺皪鑵搁亾鐥呮瘨閫茶婊呮鏅�,鐢变簬鍏跺繊鍙楀姏鏇村挤浜庤吀閬撹嚧鐥呰弻鎴栧ぇ鑵歌弻缇�,鍦ㄩ€氶亷娆℃隘閰搁垑閫茶铏曠悊涔嬪悗,浠嶅彲鍦ㄦ帓鏀剧殑姹℃按涓娓嚭涓€瀹氭暩(sh霉)閲忕殑鐥呮瘨銆傚洜姝�,鑵搁亾鑷寸梾鑿屾垨澶ц吀鑿岀兢闄版€х劇娉曠⒑瀹氱梾姣掕嚧鐥呭嵄闅槸鍚﹀瓨鍦ㄣ€�

2.2娑堟瘨鍓敘(ch菐n)鐗╁皪鐢熸厠(t脿i)瀹夊叏鐨勫奖闊�

濡傚墠鏂囨墍鎻�,涓€閮ㄥ垎閱�(y墨)闄㈠線寰€鐐轰繚璀夊鐝�(xi脿n)鑹ソ鐨勬秷姣掓晥鏋�,鏈冩姇鍔犻亷閲忕殑娑堟瘨鍔�,鐣朵綑姘亷楂樻檪渚挎渻浣块沟浠ｇ兇鍚噺閫愭几澧炲姞,浣垮叾鐧�(f膩)鐢熺獊璁�,濞佽剠浜洪珨鍋ュ悍鑸囩敓鎱�(t脿i)鐠�(hu谩n)澧�,濡傛秷姣掗亷绋嬩腑浣跨敤閬庨噺鐨勬姘吀閳夊彲鑳界敓鎴怉OX,灏嶆按婧愪互鍙婃按鐢熺敓鐗╅珨鏈冪敘(ch菐n)鐢熸寔涔�銆佹經鍦ㄧ殑姣掓€у奖闊�銆�

2.3鍙楁薄姘存按璩�(zh矛)鐨勫奖闊胯純澶�

姹℃按涓寘鍚ū澶氭湁姗熴€佺劇姗熸薄鏌撶墿,灏嶅叾閫茶娑堟瘨铏曠悊鏅�,闇€浣跨敤澶ч噺鐨勬秷姣掑姂,骞朵笖鐥呭師寰敓鐗╄垏娑堟瘨鍔戠殑鎺ヨЦ浠ュ強娑堟瘨鍔戝闅涚殑娑堟瘨鏁堟灉閮芥渻鍙楀埌涓€瀹氱殑褰遍熆銆傚彟澶�,灏嶆薄姘寸郴绲�(t菕ng)铏曠悊鏄惁绌�(w臎n)瀹氫篃浣垮奖闊挎秷姣掓晥鏋滅殑閲嶈鍥犵礌涔嬩竴[2]銆�

3鑶滅敓鐗╁弽鎳夊櫒鍦ㄩ啱(y墨)闄㈡薄姘磋檿鐞嗕腑鐨勬噳鐢�

3.1鑶滅敓鐗╁弽鎳夊櫒宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊

鑶滅敓鐗╁弽鎳夊櫒宸ヨ棟涓昏鎸囬€氶亷鐢熺墿鎶€琛�(sh霉)鑸囪啘鍒嗛洟鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勬湁姗熺祼(ji茅)鍚堥€茶寤㈡按铏曠悊鐨勬妧琛�(sh霉)銆傚叾涓啘鍒嗛洟瑷�(sh猫)鍌欒兘澶犱娇鐢熷寲鍙嶆噳姹犱腑鐨勫ぇ鍒嗗瓙鏈夋鐗╄唱(zh矛)鍙婃椿鎬ф薄娉ユ埅鐣欎綇,骞剁渷鎺変簩娌夋睜,寰炶€屼娇娲绘€ф薄娉ユ績搴﹀緱浠ユ彁楂�,姹℃偿鍋滅暀鏅傞枔浠ュ強姘村姏鍋滅暀鏅傞枔閮借兘寰楀埌鎺у埗,鑰屼笖鍦ㄥ弽鎳夊櫒涓瘮杓冮洠闄嶈В鐨勭墿璩�(zh矛)涔熸渻鐧�(f膩)鐢熼檷瑙�銆佸弽鎳夈€傚洜姝�,鐩告瘮鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐢熺墿铏曠悊鏂规硶,鑶滅敓鐗╁弽鎳夊櫒宸ヨ棟鎵€閲囩敤鐨勮啘鍒嗛洟鎶€琛�(sh霉)鏇磋兘浣跨敓鐗╁弽鎳夊櫒鍔熻兘寰椾互寮峰寲,鏄瘮杓冩柊鍨嬩笖鍒╃敤妤电偤寤ｆ硾鐨勫虎姘磋檿鐞嗘柊鎶€琛�(sh霉)涔嬩竴銆�

3.2MBR鍦ㄩ啱(y墨)闄㈡薄姘磋檿鐞嗕腑鐨勬噳鐢ㄥ垎鏋�

3.2.1鑶滅敓鐗╁弽鎳夊櫒鍦ㄩ啱(y墨)闄㈡薄姘磋檿鐞嗘噳鐢ㄧ殑鍙鎬�

鎿�(j霉)瑷卞灏堝瀛歌€呯爺绌�,鑶滅敓鐗╁弽鎳夊櫒鑳藉?q奴)鈶介顔潖琚鐗╅€茶闄嶈В骞舵粎娲荤梾鍘熷井鐢熺墿,鍐嶉€氶亷鑶滃皣姘存憾鎬уぇ鍒嗗瓙鏈夋鐗╄唱(zh矛)浠ュ強鎳告诞鐗╅€茶閬庢烤,浣垮嚭姘存縼搴﹁兘澶犳帶鍒跺湪0.2NTU浠ヤ笅銆傚叾鍎�(y艒u)榛炰富瑕侀珨鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄨ兘澶犱娇姘ｆ憾鑶犵殑鎺掓斁鑸囨薄娉ョ殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸笡灏�銆佸悗绾�(x霉)娑堟瘨鍠厓娑堟瘨鍔戠殑浣跨敤鏈夋墍闄嶄綆銆佹按涓殑鎳告诞鐗╀篃鏈冩笡灏戠瓑,鎵€浠ユ噳鐢ㄤ簬閱�(y墨)闄㈡薄姘磋檿鐞嗗皣鐧�(f膩)鎻噸瑕佺殑浣滅敤銆�

3.2.2鑶滅敓鐗╁弽鎳夊櫒鍦ㄩ啱(y墨)闄㈡薄姘磋檿鐞嗘噳鐢ㄧ殑鏁堟灉

鑶滅敓鐗╁弽鎳夊櫒鐨勫埄鐢ㄥ皪姘翠腑姘ㄦ爱鍘婚櫎鍙仈90%浠ヤ笂,鑰屼笖鍦ㄦ姉娌栨搳璨犺嵎鑳藉姏鏂归潰鏈夊緢澶х殑鍎�(y艒u)鍕€€傞€氬父閬嬭姊濅欢杓冪偤寰╅洔鏅�,鐩告瘮娲绘€ф薄娉ユ硶,MBR鍘婚櫎鏈夋鐗╄〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍑哄緢寮风殑鑳藉姏,鍑烘按姘磋唱(zh矛)杓冪偤鑹ソ涓旂┅(w臎n)瀹�,浣挎薄娉ラ健鑸囨按鍔涘仠鐣欐檪闁撳鐝�(xi脿n)瀹屽叏鍒嗛洟銆傚彟澶�,姹℃偿娣峰悎娑查€茶閬庢烤閬庣▼涓�,鍥犵敓鐗╃浉娌夌⿳灞ゅ湪鑶滈潰浣滅敤涓嬪舰鎴愬皫鑷磋啘瀛斿緫绺皬,閲囩敤MBR宸ヨ棟鍙皪鐥呭師寰敓鐗╅€茶鏈夋晥鍦版埅鐣�,鎵€浠ュ湪鍘婚櫎鐥呮瘨鏂归潰鏇村叿绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�,閫欎篃灏卞綄瑁滀簡鍌崇当(t菕ng)鍔犳隘娑堟瘨宸ヨ棟鐨勪笉瓒充箣铏�銆�

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